El conocimiento se comparteUna iniciativa de AIAO ↗

The Aula word guide

AIAO · AI dictionary

AI has its own words.Make sense of them here.

From “what is a prompt?” to following a conversation about AI. Clear explanations, everyday examples and all three ways to say it, close at hand.

120 terms3 languages12 categoriesReviewed on 5 November 2026

120 of 120 terms

A — Z

Accuracy

ES ExactitudCA Exactitud

The proportion of all predictions that are correct. It can hide poor results on rare categories.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Getting 90 of 100 correct gives 90% accuracy; you still need to know which ten cases failed.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Accuracy score ↗

AI alignment

ES Alineación de IACA Alineació de la IA

Work to steer systems towards intended goals, values and constraints, checking gaps between intention and behaviour.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Completing a task is not enough: how an assistant does it and what effects it causes also matter.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · AI alignment ↗

AI bias

ES Sesgo de IACA Biaix d'IA

A systematic skew in data, design or outputs that can produce unfair representations or treatment.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

If nearly every “expert” example shows the same kind of person, examine the view the system is learning.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · AI bias ↗

AI evaluation

ES Evaluación de IACA Avaluació d'IA

Systematic assessment of a system's quality, failures and suitability using defined cases, criteria and metrics.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You test ten FAQs and review content, sources and tone; “I liked it” is not the only criterion.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Define success criteria and build evaluations ↗

AI hallucination

ES Alucinación de IACA Al·lucinació d'IA

An answer presenting false, invented or unsupported information as valid, even when it sounds convincing.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The assistant cites a course that never existed. Giving it a name and timetable does not make it real.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · AI hallucinations ↗

AI literacy

ES Alfabetización en IACA Alfabetització en IA

Knowledge and skills to understand, use and evaluate AI thoughtfully, considering its possibilities and risks.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

It is not about memorising 120 words: it is knowing what to ask, what to check and when to seek help.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Comisión Europea · AI literacy: questions and answers ↗

AI model

ES Modelo de IACA Model d'IA

A mathematical system fitted to turn inputs into predictions or outputs. It is one part of an application.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The assistant's website is the interface; the model is part of the engine producing its reply.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · AI inference ↗

AI workflow

ES Flujo de trabajo con IACA Flux de treball amb IA

A sequence combining models, tools and rules. It can follow a fixed path without being an autonomous agent.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

First summarise, then translate, then request review: three defined steps, not unlimited freedom.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Building effective agents ↗

Algorithm

ES AlgoritmoCA Algorisme

A defined sequence of steps for solving a task. It can exist without AI or machine learning.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Sorting courses by date follows an algorithm; not every clever button has AI inside.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Machine learning ↗

Anonymisation

ES AnonimizaciónCA Anonimització

Transformation that prevents reasonably identifying people from the data. Removing only the name is not always enough.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A unique combination of age, town and role can reveal someone's identity; review those details too.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: AEPD · ¿Los datos anonimizados son datos personales? ↗

API endpoint

ES Punto de acceso de una APICA Punt d'accés d'una API

A specific address where a service receives requests for a particular operation.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

An API may have one address for generating text and another for checking a task's status.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: MDN Web Docs · API ↗

API key

ES Clave de APICA Clau d'API

A credential identifying or authorising service use. Protect it because it may permit access or incur usage charges.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Do not paste a real key into a public webpage's code; keep it in the application's secure environment.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · API keys and authentication ↗

Application programming interface (API)

ES Interfaz de programación (API)CA Interfície de programació (API)

A set of rules and functions through which one program requests services or data from another.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A website queries an API for available courses without manually copying all the information.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: MDN Web Docs · API ↗

Artificial intelligence (AI)

ES Inteligencia artificial (IA)CA Intel·ligència artificial (IA)

Field that builds systems able to perform tasks such as recognising patterns, interpreting language or making decisions.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A filter that detects suspicious messages uses AI; it does not need consciousness to do so.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Artificial intelligence ↗

Artificial neuron

ES Neurona artificialCA Neurona artificial

A computing unit that combines inputs and applies a transformation. It is a mathematical simplification, not a living cell.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Think of a small operation inside a network, not a tiny brain sipping coffee.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Deep learning ↗

Assistant memory

ES Memoria del asistenteCA Memòria de l'assistent

Information retained between steps or conversations, depending on the application. It differs from the context window and retraining.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

An assistant may save your preference for short answers; check what it stores and how to delete it.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: LangChain · Memory overview ↗

Attention

ES AtenciónCA Atenció

A mechanism that weights the relevance of different input parts when computing a representation. It does not imply consciousness.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

In “the mug beside the book is broken”, relationships between words help interpret what is broken.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Vaswani et al. · Attention Is All You Need ↗

Automatic speech recognition (ASR)

ES Reconocimiento automático del hablaCA Reconeixement automàtic de la parla

Converting recorded or live speech into text. This differs from identifying who is speaking.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You transcribe a talk for subtitles and review the names the system understood “in its own way”.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Automatic speech recognition ↗

Benchmark

ES Prueba de referenciaCA Prova de referència

A set of tasks and measurement rules for comparing systems. A high score does not guarantee performance everywhere.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A model wins on maths problems, but you need to check how it summarises your lessons in Catalan.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Define success criteria and build evaluations ↗

Chunking

ES Fragmentación de documentosCA Fragmentació de documents

Splitting documents into manageable pieces for retrieval or processing while preserving enough context.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You split a manual by section, avoiding separating a condition from the exception immediately after it.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Retrieval augmented generation ↗

Cloud-hosted model

ES Modelo en la nubeCA Model al núvol

A model running on remote infrastructure accessed through an application or API under its terms.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Your laptop sends the request to a service; review access, data handling and cost before using real information.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Amazon Web Services · Deploy models for inference ↗

Content Credentials

ES Credenciales de contenidoCA Credencials de contingut

Provenance information linked through cryptographic mechanisms using standards such as C2PA. It does not certify a scene is true.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A signed history can show an image was edited; missing credentials do not prove it is fake either.

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Read more and verify: C2PA · Content Credentials explainer ↗

Content provenance

ES Procedencia del contenidoCA Procedència del contingut

Information about content's origin and history, including known transformations. It does not alone establish truthfulness.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Knowing which tool edited an image helps explain its history, but does not prove the scene happened.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: C2PA · Content Credentials explainer ↗

Context window

ES Ventana de contextoCA Finestra de context

Maximum information a model can handle in an interaction, usually measured in tokens.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

It is the available workbench; fitting a whole book does not guarantee every detail gets handled well.

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Read more and verify: Google Cloud · Generative AI glossary ↗

Copyright

ES Derechos de autorCA Drets d'autor

Rights protecting works and governing certain uses. Protection and exceptions depend on the context and applicable law.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Finding an illustration online does not grant permission to put it in a course; check who permits what.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: World Intellectual Property Organization · Copyright ↗

Data annotation

ES Anotación de datosCA Anotació de dades

Process of adding information to data, such as labels, transcripts or marked regions in an image.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Drawing a box around each bicycle annotates the images; it does not retouch their colours.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Data labeling ↗

Data augmentation

ES Aumento de datosCA Augment de dades

Creating variants of existing examples to diversify training while preserving what matters for the task.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You slightly change the brightness of mug photos; they remain mugs, not new kinds of crockery.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Data augmentation ↗

Data poisoning

ES Envenenamiento de datosCA Enverinament de dades

Deliberate manipulation of data used by a system to alter behaviour, introduce bias or create vulnerabilities.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Someone adds false training examples so the classifier learns an incorrect association.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: OWASP · Data and model poisoning ↗

Data privacy

ES Privacidad de los datosCA Privadesa de les dades

Protecting personal information's use and exposure: what is collected, why, who accesses it and how long it is kept.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

To practise summarising, use a fictional document rather than another person's real record.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Data privacy ↗

Data quality

ES Calidad de los datosCA Qualitat de les dades

How suitable data is for its intended use: accurate, complete, consistent and sufficiently current.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A list with duplicate courses and outdated dates does not improve simply by feeding it to AI.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Data quality ↗

Dataset

ES Conjunto de datosCA Conjunt de dades

An organised collection of examples used to analyse, train or evaluate a system.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A folder of photos with a table of descriptions can form a dataset.

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Read more and verify: Gebru et al. · Datasheets for Datasets ↗

Dataset datasheet

ES Ficha del conjunto de datosCA Fitxa del conjunt de dades

Documentation about a dataset's creation, composition, collection, uses and limitations.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The datasheet explains where recordings came from, how they were selected and what they can be used for.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Gebru et al. · Datasheets for Datasets ↗

Deep learning

ES Aprendizaje profundoCA Aprenentatge profund

Machine learning with multilayer neural networks that build increasingly complex representations.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A network can combine edges, shapes and other patterns to recognise a bicycle in a photo.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Deep learning ↗

Deepfake

ES Suplantación audiovisual sintéticaCA Suplantació audiovisual sintètica

Image, video or audio manipulated or generated to convincingly resemble a real person or situation.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A voice sounding like your friend asks for money: verify through another channel before believing it.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: European Data Protection Supervisor · TechSonar: Deepfake detection ↗

Diffusion model

ES Modelo de difusiónCA Model de difusió

A generative model that learns to reverse a noise process to produce data such as images.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

During generation, an image can emerge from noise; this is not focusing a hidden photograph.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Diffusion models ↗

Embedding

ES Representación vectorialCA Representació vectorial

A numerical representation of data that allows comparison of learned relationships, such as similarities between texts.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

“I want to start with AI” can be close to “beginner course” without using identical words.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Vector databases ↗

Epoch

ES Época de entrenamientoCA Època d'entrenament

One complete pass through the training dataset. More epochs do not guarantee better results on new data.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Three epochs go through the examples three times; unchecked repetition can also lead to overfitting.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Fine-tuning ↗

Explainability

ES ExplicabilidadCA Explicabilitat

Ability to provide understandable information about how or why a system produces outputs. A generated explanation may be inaccurate.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You ask which factors influenced a classification and check the explanation with analysis methods, not just its narrative.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Explainable AI ↗

F1 score

ES Puntuación F1CA Puntuació F1

The harmonic mean of precision and recall. It summarises their balance but does not replace examining specific errors.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

If you detect almost everything but raise many false alarms, F1 reflects some of that imbalance.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Classification metrics ↗

Feature

ES Característica de entradaCA Característica d'entrada

A property a model uses for prediction, measured directly or extracted from other data.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

When estimating a lesson's duration, the number of exercises could be a feature.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Supervised learning ↗

Few-shot prompting

ES Petición con pocos ejemplosCA Petició amb pocs exemples

A request containing a few examples of the desired format or behaviour, without retraining the model.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You add two messages and their classifications before the new message you want classified.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompting best practices ↗

Fine-tuning

ES Ajuste finoCA Afinament

Additional training that adapts an existing model to a task or domain. Unlike a prompt, it changes parameters.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You train on reviewed examples of your organisation's style; adding a document to chat is different.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Fine-tuning ↗

Generative AI

ES IA generativaCA IA generativa

AI that produces text, images, audio or other content from learned patterns and supplied inputs.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You ask for three workshop titles and get new suggestions; then you choose and review them.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Artificial intelligence ↗

Grounding

ES Fundamentación en fuentesCA Fonamentació en fonts

Connecting an answer to verifiable reference information to reduce unsupported claims.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You require each time to be backed by the published programme. A decorative citation is not enough.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Google Cloud · Generative AI glossary ↗

Guardrails

ES SalvaguardasCA Salvaguardes

Measures limiting behaviour and risks: permissions, validation, filters, oversight and other complementary controls.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Before sending anything, the application requires confirmation and checks the recipient and content.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · AI guardrails ↗

Human-in-the-loop (HITL)

ES Supervisión humanaCA Supervisió humana

A person's involvement in reviewing, deciding or authorising an automated process.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

AI drafts the email and you review it before sending. That last click belongs to someone.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Human-in-the-loop ↗

Hyperparameter

ES HiperparámetroCA Hiperparàmetre

A setting that controls training or architecture and is not learned like an ordinary weight.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The learning rate controls adjustment size: changing it can improve or worsen training.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Hyperparameter tuning ↗

Inference

ES InferenciaCA Inferència

Using an already trained model to produce an output from an input.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Each time the model summarises your text it performs inference, without necessarily learning from that conversation.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · AI inference ↗

Information retrieval

ES Recuperación de informaciónCA Recuperació d'informació

Finding documents or passages relevant to a query. Retrieving something does not make it correct.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The search engine finds an old entry; check its date before using it as a current answer.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Retrieval augmented generation ↗

Inpainting

ES Relleno generativo de una zonaCA Emplenament generatiu d'una zona

Generating or replacing content within a selected image region, usually specified by a mask.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You select a mug in a photo to replace it with a book, then check shadows and edges.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Inpainting ↗

Jailbreak

ES Evasión de salvaguardasCA Evasió de salvaguardes

An attempt to make a model ignore its safety or behavioural boundaries.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Framing a prohibited request as a game does not remove the risk of what is being requested.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: OWASP · LLM prompt injection prevention ↗

Knowledge base

ES Base de conocimientoCA Base de coneixement

An organised collection of information for reference or reuse. It can support an assistant without retraining its model.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You gather Aula guides, FAQs and current programmes in one maintained, reviewed place.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Amazon Web Services · Knowledge bases for Amazon Bedrock ↗

Knowledge distillation

ES Destilación de conocimientoCA Destil·lació de coneixement

Training a model to imitate another model's behaviour, often to obtain a smaller version.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A compact model learns from a larger model's answers; you must check which capabilities it retains.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Knowledge distillation ↗

Knowledge graph

ES Grafo de conocimientoCA Graf de coneixement

A representation of entities and their relationships for exploring explicit connections between concepts or data.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

“Course → contains → lesson” and “lesson → explains → RAG” form queryable connections.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Knowledge graph ↗

Label

ES EtiquetaCA Etiqueta

An answer or category assigned to an example and used as a reference in supervised learning.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

In a photo of a mug, “mug” can be the correct label.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Data labeling ↗

Large language model (LLM)

ES Gran modelo de lenguaje (LLM)CA Model de llenguatge gran (MLG)

A large-scale model trained to process and generate language. A fluent answer does not prove it is true.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

It helps draft a course description; you check that it does not invent the syllabus.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Large language models ↗

Latency

ES LatenciaCA Latència

The time an operation takes to respond. For generation, distinguish the start of the response from completion.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The first words appear quickly but the complete text takes longer: these are different measurements.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · AI inference ↗

Licence

ES Licencia de usoCA Llicència d'ús

Terms granting specific permissions over a resource. They may require attribution or limit modification and commercial use.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Check the model licence, data licence and the licence of images you publish separately.

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Read more and verify: Creative Commons · CC licences ↗

Local model

ES Modelo localCA Model local

A model running on your own device. It needs sufficient resources and does not alone guarantee the whole application's privacy.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Computation happens on your computer, but check whether the application sends logs or uses external services.

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Read more and verify: Ollama · Frequently asked questions ↗

Machine learning (ML)

ES Aprendizaje automáticoCA Aprenentatge automàtic

Techniques that fit a model using data so it can perform tasks on new cases.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Instead of writing every spam rule, you train on emails that have already been classified.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Machine learning ↗

Mixture of experts (MoE)

ES Mezcla de expertos (MoE)CA Barreja d'experts (MoE)

An architecture with multiple specialised blocks and a mechanism that selects which participate in each computation.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

These are not people advising the model: they are mathematical components activated selectively.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Mixture of Experts Explained ↗

MLOps

ES Operaciones de aprendizaje automáticoCA Operacions d'aprenentatge automàtic

Practices for developing, deploying, monitoring and updating models in a controlled, reproducible way.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You track versions, check changes and monitor failures after release; the job does not end at “uploaded”.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Google Cloud · MLOps and delivery pipelines ↗

Model card

ES Ficha del modeloCA Fitxa del model

A document describing a model, intended uses, evaluation, limitations and other relevant information.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Before choosing a model for Catalan, check which languages were evaluated and their results.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Model cards ↗

Model Context Protocol (MCP)

ES Protocolo de contexto de modelos (MCP)CA Protocol de context de models (MCP)

A standard for connecting AI applications to tools and data sources through a common interface.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A connector can offer file search; the protocol does not itself grant permission to read every file.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Model Context Protocol · What is MCP? ↗

Model parameter

ES Parámetro del modeloCA Paràmetre del model

An internal value learned during training, such as a weight. It is different from a written instruction.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Changing “reply more briefly” changes the request; it does not directly rewrite model weights.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Hyperparameter tuning ↗

Multimodal model

ES Modelo multimodalCA Model multimodal

A model that combines or processes more than one kind of information, such as text, images or audio.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You upload a whiteboard photo and ask which tasks appear. Reading photos does not imply image-generation capability.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Large language models ↗

Natural language processing (NLP)

ES Procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN)CA Processament del llenguatge natural (PLN)

The field developing methods for computers to analyse, interpret or generate human language.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Classifying enquiries, extracting names and translating are language tasks; not all need a large chatbot.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Natural language processing ↗

Neural network

ES Red neuronalCA Xarxa neuronal

A model of connected units that transform information through mathematical operations and learned parameters.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A network distinguishes photos of mugs and plates by adjusting its connections during training.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Deep learning ↗

Open weights

ES Pesos abiertosCA Pesos oberts

A model whose trained parameters are distributed for download. Usage permissions depend on its licence and may include restrictions.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You may have the weights without having the data or complete training process.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Open Source Initiative · The Open Source AI Definition 1.0 ↗

Open-source AI

ES IA de código abiertoCA IA de codi obert

AI distributed with freedoms to use, study, modify and redistribute it, plus the necessary components, under the applicable definition.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Being able to download a model is not enough to call it open source: check components and licensing.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Open Source Initiative · The Open Source AI Definition 1.0 ↗

Optical character recognition (OCR)

ES Reconocimiento óptico de caracteres (OCR)CA Reconeixement òptic de caràcters (OCR)

Converting text in images into machine-readable text. Recognition can contain errors and needs checking.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You photograph a poster and extract its words; check dates, numbers and names especially carefully.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Optical character recognition ↗

Orchestration

ES OrquestaciónCA Orquestració

Coordinating order, data exchange and failure handling among an AI system's components.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

If search fails, the system decides to retry or ask for help instead of inventing results.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Building effective agents ↗

Outpainting

ES Ampliación generativaCA Ampliació generativa

Generating content beyond an image's original boundaries to extend its framing.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You turn a square photo into a wide header by inventing its sides; those sides do not document the original scene.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Outpainting ↗

Overfitting

ES SobreajusteCA Sobreajustament

The model fits training examples too closely and performs worse when it encounters new cases.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

It memorises the exercises, but change the numbers and it stares at the ceiling.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: IBM · Overfitting ↗

Personal data

ES Datos personalesCA Dades personals

Information that identifies or can identify a person, alone or combined with other data.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A name, address or combination of details may identify someone even without an identity number.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: AEPD · ¿Qué son los datos personales? ↗

Planning

ES PlanificaciónCA Planificació

Breaking a goal into steps that can be executed and reviewed. Having a plan does not prove completion.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

“Review, fix and test the website” is the plan; seeing it work is another matter.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Google Cloud · What are AI agents? ↗

Precision

ES PrecisiónCA Precisió

Among cases predicted positive, the proportion that truly is positive. It differs from overall accuracy.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

It flags ten messages as spam and eight really are: spam precision is 80%.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Classification metrics ↗

Prompt

ES Prompt o instrucciónCA Indicació o petició

The input used to request a task from a model. It can include instructions, context, examples and other formats.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

“Summarise this announcement in three sentences for beginners and keep the date” is a specific request.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt engineering overview ↗

Prompt caching

ES Caché de contextoCA Memòria cau de context

Reusing processing for repeated parts of an input to reduce work, depending on the service's conditions.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Several queries share the same lengthy instructions; caching can avoid recomputing them without becoming personal memory.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt caching ↗

Prompt engineering

ES Ingeniería de promptsCA Enginyeria d'indicacions

Designing and revising requests through testing to obtain more useful, verifiable results.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You replace “make it nice” with audience, format and criteria. Less telepathy, more context.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt engineering overview ↗

Prompt injection

ES Inyección de instruccionesCA Injecció d'instruccions

An attack inserting malicious instructions into inputs or retrieved content to redirect an AI system's behaviour.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A retrieved document tries to give the assistant orders. The document is information, not the boss.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: OWASP · Prompt injection ↗

Pseudonymisation

ES SeudonimizaciónCA Pseudonimització

Replacing identifiers to separate data from identity while retaining additional information that allows them to be linked again.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You replace “Anna” with “Student 047” and keep the mapping separately. The data remains personal.

Follow the connections

Read more and verify: Comité Europeo de Protección de Datos · Anonimización y seudonimización ↗

Quantization

ES CuantizaciónCA Quantització

Representing model values with lower numerical precision to reduce resource needs, potentially changing quality.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A low-bit version may fit on your computer; test its results before assuming equivalence.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Quantization ↗

Rate limit

ES Límite de solicitudesCA Límit de sol·licituds

A restriction on requests or processed data over a period. It differs from the available balance or budget.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Even with available credit, too many requests in succession can require waiting and retrying in a controlled way.

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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Rate limits ↗

Recall

ES Exhaustividad o sensibilidadCA Exhaustivitat o sensibilitat

The proportion of actual positives the system successfully detects for the category being evaluated.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

There are twenty spam messages and it detects fifteen: recall is 75%.

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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Classification metrics ↗

Red teaming

ES Pruebas adversariasCA Proves adversàries

Deliberate evaluation seeking failures, misuse or dangerous behaviour within an authorised scope.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A team tests difficult situations in a copy of the assistant before opening it to the public.

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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Challenges in red teaming AI systems ↗

Reinforcement learning (RL)

ES Aprendizaje por refuerzoCA Aprenentatge per reforç

Learning decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving reward signals for outcomes.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

An agent practises in a game and earns points for reaching the goal, not for claiming it did.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Reinforcement learning ↗

Reranking

ES Reordenación de resultadosCA Reordenació de resultats

A second ordering of retrieved results to prioritise those that best answer the query.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Among twenty candidate lessons, another model puts the three most useful for your question first.

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Read more and verify: Cohere · Rerank overview ↗

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)

ES Generación aumentada por recuperación (RAG)CA Generació augmentada per recuperació (RAG)

A technique that retrieves external information and supplies it to a model to prepare a contextualised answer.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The assistant first searches the current Aula programme and then answers; the reply still needs checking.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Retrieval augmented generation ↗

Semantic search

ES Búsqueda semánticaCA Cerca semàntica

Search that considers relationships in meaning rather than only exact matches to written words.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Searching “make a photo wider” may return an explanation of outpainting.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Vector databases ↗

Supervised learning

ES Aprendizaje supervisadoCA Aprenentatge supervisat

Training on examples that include the reference answer the model should learn to predict.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Each practice message is labelled “enquiry” or “issue”.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Supervised learning ↗

Synthetic data

ES Datos sintéticosCA Dades sintètiques

Artificially created data that simulates examples. It is not automatically accurate, representative or anonymous.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You invent orders for a fictional shop to test a screen without using real customers.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Synthetic data ↗

System prompt

ES Instrucción de sistemaCA Instrucció de sistema

An application-level instruction setting the assistant's general behaviour. It does not replace permission controls.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The Aula assistant receives tone guidance; data access is also restricted by the system.

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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt engineering overview ↗

Temperature

ES TemperaturaCA Temperatura

A setting modifying the distribution used to choose outputs. Higher temperature usually increases variation, not truthfulness.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

To compare styles, change this setting if available; no setting eliminates errors.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Generation configuration ↗

Text-to-image generation

ES Generación de texto a imagenCA Generació de text a imatge

Creating images guided by a written description, with results that need checking against the request.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You request a bright library for a cover; check whether the lettering on its sign is actually readable.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Text-to-image ↗

Text-to-speech (TTS)

ES Síntesis de vozCA Síntesi de veu

Generating artificial speech from text. The resulting voice depends on the system and its settings.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You turn an explanation into audio for listening. Imitating a real voice raises separate authorisation questions.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Text-to-speech ↗

Throughput

ES Capacidad de procesamientoCA Capacitat de processament

The amount of work processed per unit of time, such as requests or tokens per second.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A service can handle many requests per minute even if each takes several seconds.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Inference optimisation ↗

Token

ES TokenCA Token

A unit processed by a model. In text it can be a word, part of a word or punctuation.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Do not estimate cost from word count alone: languages and tokenizers can split the same text differently.

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Read more and verify: Google Cloud · Generative AI glossary ↗

Tokenization

ES TokenizaciónCA Tokenització

The process of splitting and converting an input into units the model can process.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A long word may be split into several pieces; the split depends on the tokenizer used.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Tokenizers ↗

Tool calling

ES Llamada a herramientasCA Crida a eines

A mechanism for a model to request an external function; the application controls execution and returns results.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

The model requests a calendar lookup; the application checks permissions and performs the authorised query.

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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Tool use with Claude ↗

Top-p sampling

ES Muestreo top-pCA Mostreig top-p

Sampling from the smallest token set whose combined probability reaches a chosen threshold.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

A lower threshold usually allows fewer alternatives; it is not a “percentage of correct answers”.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Generation configuration ↗

Training

ES EntrenamientoCA Entrenament

Process that adjusts a model's parameters using data and a learning objective.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

Showing many labelled examples helps fit the detector; using it afterwards is a different stage.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Machine learning ↗

Training batch

ES Lote de entrenamientoCA Lot d'entrenament

A group of examples processed together in a training step, depending on the configuration.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

With batches of 16, training processes small groups rather than the whole dataset at once.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Hyperparameter tuning ↗

Transfer learning

ES Aprendizaje por transferenciaCA Aprenentatge per transferència

Reusing what was learned on one task to help with another, rather than starting entirely from scratch.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You start with a model that recognises shapes and adapt it to distinguish types of plants.

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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Fine-tuning ↗

Underfitting

ES SubajusteCA Subajustament

The model fails to learn relevant patterns sufficiently and performs poorly even on training examples.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

An overly simple model tries to explain a complicated curve with one straight line.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Overfitting ↗

Unsupervised learning

ES Aprendizaje no supervisadoCA Aprenentatge no supervisat

Finding structure or groups in data without labelled target answers for each example.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You group similar comments to discover topics; nobody has assigned each comment to a group beforehand.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Unsupervised learning ↗

Vector database

ES Base de datos vectorialCA Base de dades vectorial

A system that stores and indexes vectors to efficiently find similar items.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

You store lesson representations to retrieve those closest to a person's question.

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Read more and verify: IBM · Vector databases ↗

Watermark

ES Marca de aguaCA Marca d'aigua

A visible or imperceptible signal embedded in content to provide identification or origin information.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

An image can contain an invisible mark; not seeing one does not prove it is a real photograph.

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Read more and verify: Google DeepMind · SynthID ↗

Zero-shot prompting

ES Petición sin ejemplosCA Petició sense exemples

A request that describes the task without including worked examples in that request.

Example, connections and source
An example makes it clearer

“Classify this message as an enquiry or issue” requests the task without showing sample answers.

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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompting best practices ↗