Quality and evaluation Going further
ES ExactitudCA Exactitud
The proportion of all predictions that are correct. It can hide poor results on rare categories.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Getting 90 of 100 correct gives 90% accuracy; you still need to know which ten cases failed.
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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Accuracy score ↗
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Agents and tools Getting started
ES Agente de IACA Agent d'IA
A system using a model to decide steps and use tools to work towards a goal.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer It can find and compare courses; enrolling or paying requires separate permissions and controls.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Building effective agents ↗
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Safety and privacy Going further
ES Alineación de IACA Alineació de la IA
Work to steer systems towards intended goals, values and constraints, checking gaps between intention and behaviour.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Completing a task is not enough: how an assistant does it and what effects it causes also matter.
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Read more and verify: IBM · AI alignment ↗
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Quality and evaluation Getting started
ES Sesgo de IACA Biaix d'IA
A systematic skew in data, design or outputs that can produce unfair representations or treatment.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer If nearly every “expert” example shows the same kind of person, examine the view the system is learning.
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Read more and verify: IBM · AI bias ↗
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Quality and evaluation Getting started
ES Evaluación de IACA Avaluació d'IA
Systematic assessment of a system's quality, failures and suitability using defined cases, criteria and metrics.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You test ten FAQs and review content, sources and tone; “I liked it” is not the only criterion.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Define success criteria and build evaluations ↗
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Quality and evaluation Getting started
ES Alucinación de IACA Al·lucinació d'IA
An answer presenting false, invented or unsupported information as valid, even when it sounds convincing.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The assistant cites a course that never existed. Giving it a name and timetable does not make it real.
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Read more and verify: IBM · AI hallucinations ↗
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Rights and judgement Getting started
ES Alfabetización en IACA Alfabetització en IA
Knowledge and skills to understand, use and evaluate AI thoughtfully, considering its possibilities and risks.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer It is not about memorising 120 words: it is knowing what to ask, what to check and when to seek help.
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Read more and verify: Comisión Europea · AI literacy: questions and answers ↗
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The essentials Getting started
ES Modelo de IACA Model d'IA
A mathematical system fitted to turn inputs into predictions or outputs. It is one part of an application.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The assistant's website is the interface; the model is part of the engine producing its reply.
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Read more and verify: IBM · AI inference ↗
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Agents and tools Going further
ES Flujo de trabajo con IACA Flux de treball amb IA
A sequence combining models, tools and rules. It can follow a fixed path without being an autonomous agent.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer First summarise, then translate, then request review: three defined steps, not unlimited freedom.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Building effective agents ↗
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The essentials Getting started
ES AlgoritmoCA Algorisme
A defined sequence of steps for solving a task. It can exist without AI or machine learning.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Sorting courses by date follows an algorithm; not every clever button has AI inside.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Machine learning ↗
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Safety and privacy Going further
ES AnonimizaciónCA Anonimització
Transformation that prevents reasonably identifying people from the data. Removing only the name is not always enough.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A unique combination of age, town and role can reveal someone's identity; review those details too.
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Read more and verify: AEPD · ¿Los datos anonimizados son datos personales? ↗
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Usage and infrastructure Going further
ES Punto de acceso de una APICA Punt d'accés d'una API
A specific address where a service receives requests for a particular operation.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer An API may have one address for generating text and another for checking a task's status.
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Read more and verify: MDN Web Docs · API ↗
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Usage and infrastructure Going further
ES Clave de APICA Clau d'API
A credential identifying or authorising service use. Protect it because it may permit access or incur usage charges.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Do not paste a real key into a public webpage's code; keep it in the application's secure environment.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · API keys and authentication ↗
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Agents and tools Going further
ES Interfaz de programación (API)CA Interfície de programació (API)
A set of rules and functions through which one program requests services or data from another.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A website queries an API for available courses without manually copying all the information.
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Read more and verify: MDN Web Docs · API ↗
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The essentials Getting started
ES Inteligencia artificial (IA)CA Intel·ligència artificial (IA)
Field that builds systems able to perform tasks such as recognising patterns, interpreting language or making decisions.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A filter that detects suspicious messages uses AI; it does not need consciousness to do so.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Artificial intelligence ↗
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Models and networks More technical
ES Neurona artificialCA Neurona artificial
A computing unit that combines inputs and applies a transformation. It is a mathematical simplification, not a living cell.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Think of a small operation inside a network, not a tiny brain sipping coffee.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Deep learning ↗
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Agents and tools Getting started
ES Memoria del asistenteCA Memòria de l'assistent
Information retained between steps or conversations, depending on the application. It differs from the context window and retraining.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer An assistant may save your preference for short answers; check what it stores and how to delete it.
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Read more and verify: LangChain · Memory overview ↗
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Models and networks More technical
ES AtenciónCA Atenció
A mechanism that weights the relevance of different input parts when computing a representation. It does not imply consciousness.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer In “the mug beside the book is broken”, relationships between words help interpret what is broken.
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Read more and verify: Vaswani et al. · Attention Is All You Need ↗
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Image, voice and text Getting started
ES Reconocimiento automático del hablaCA Reconeixement automàtic de la parla
Converting recorded or live speech into text. This differs from identifying who is speaking.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You transcribe a talk for subtitles and review the names the system understood “in its own way”.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Automatic speech recognition ↗
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Quality and evaluation Going further
ES Prueba de referenciaCA Prova de referència
A set of tasks and measurement rules for comparing systems. A high score does not guarantee performance everywhere.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A model wins on maths problems, but you need to check how it summarises your lessons in Catalan.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Define success criteria and build evaluations ↗
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Search and context Going further
ES Fragmentación de documentosCA Fragmentació de documents
Splitting documents into manageable pieces for retrieval or processing while preserving enough context.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You split a manual by section, avoiding separating a condition from the exception immediately after it.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Retrieval augmented generation ↗
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Usage and infrastructure Getting started
ES Modelo en la nubeCA Model al núvol
A model running on remote infrastructure accessed through an application or API under its terms.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Your laptop sends the request to a service; review access, data handling and cost before using real information.
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Read more and verify: Amazon Web Services · Deploy models for inference ↗
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Image, voice and text Getting started
ES Visión artificialCA Visió artificial
Techniques that extract and interpret information from images or video, such as objects, positions or movement.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A system counts chairs in a room; it may be wrong when chairs obscure one another.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Computer vision ↗
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Agents and tools Getting started
ES ConectorCA Connector
An integration connecting an AI application to another service, limited by its features and granted permissions.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Connecting a notes folder should not automatically open your personal folders.
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Read more and verify: Model Context Protocol · What is MCP? ↗
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Rights and judgement Going further
ES Credenciales de contenidoCA Credencials de contingut
Provenance information linked through cryptographic mechanisms using standards such as C2PA. It does not certify a scene is true.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A signed history can show an image was edited; missing credentials do not prove it is fake either.
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Read more and verify: C2PA · Content Credentials explainer ↗
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Rights and judgement Getting started
ES Procedencia del contenidoCA Procedència del contingut
Information about content's origin and history, including known transformations. It does not alone establish truthfulness.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Knowing which tool edited an image helps explain its history, but does not prove the scene happened.
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Read more and verify: C2PA · Content Credentials explainer ↗
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Talking to AI Getting started
ES Ventana de contextoCA Finestra de context
Maximum information a model can handle in an interaction, usually measured in tokens.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer It is the available workbench; fitting a whole book does not guarantee every detail gets handled well.
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Read more and verify: Google Cloud · Generative AI glossary ↗
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Rights and judgement Getting started
ES Derechos de autorCA Drets d'autor
Rights protecting works and governing certain uses. Protection and exceptions depend on the context and applicable law.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Finding an illustration online does not grant permission to put it in a course; check who permits what.
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Read more and verify: World Intellectual Property Organization · Copyright ↗
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Data Going further
ES Anotación de datosCA Anotació de dades
Process of adding information to data, such as labels, transcripts or marked regions in an image.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Drawing a box around each bicycle annotates the images; it does not retouch their colours.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Data labeling ↗
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Data Going further
ES Aumento de datosCA Augment de dades
Creating variants of existing examples to diversify training while preserving what matters for the task.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You slightly change the brightness of mug photos; they remain mugs, not new kinds of crockery.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Data augmentation ↗
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Safety and privacy More technical
ES Envenenamiento de datosCA Enverinament de dades
Deliberate manipulation of data used by a system to alter behaviour, introduce bias or create vulnerabilities.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Someone adds false training examples so the classifier learns an incorrect association.
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Read more and verify: OWASP · Data and model poisoning ↗
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Safety and privacy Getting started
ES Privacidad de los datosCA Privadesa de les dades
Protecting personal information's use and exposure: what is collected, why, who accesses it and how long it is kept.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer To practise summarising, use a fictional document rather than another person's real record.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Data privacy ↗
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Data Getting started
ES Calidad de los datosCA Qualitat de les dades
How suitable data is for its intended use: accurate, complete, consistent and sufficiently current.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A list with duplicate courses and outdated dates does not improve simply by feeding it to AI.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Data quality ↗
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Data Getting started
ES Conjunto de datosCA Conjunt de dades
An organised collection of examples used to analyse, train or evaluate a system.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A folder of photos with a table of descriptions can form a dataset.
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Read more and verify: Gebru et al. · Datasheets for Datasets ↗
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Rights and judgement Going further
ES Ficha del conjunto de datosCA Fitxa del conjunt de dades
Documentation about a dataset's creation, composition, collection, uses and limitations.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The datasheet explains where recordings came from, how they were selected and what they can be used for.
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Read more and verify: Gebru et al. · Datasheets for Datasets ↗
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The essentials Going further
ES Aprendizaje profundoCA Aprenentatge profund
Machine learning with multilayer neural networks that build increasingly complex representations.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A network can combine edges, shapes and other patterns to recognise a bicycle in a photo.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Deep learning ↗
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Image, voice and text Getting started
ES Suplantación audiovisual sintéticaCA Suplantació audiovisual sintètica
Image, video or audio manipulated or generated to convincingly resemble a real person or situation.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A voice sounding like your friend asks for money: verify through another channel before believing it.
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Read more and verify: European Data Protection Supervisor · TechSonar: Deepfake detection ↗
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Image, voice and text More technical
ES Modelo de difusiónCA Model de difusió
A generative model that learns to reverse a noise process to produce data such as images.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer During generation, an image can emerge from noise; this is not focusing a hidden photograph.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Diffusion models ↗
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Search and context Going further
ES Representación vectorialCA Representació vectorial
A numerical representation of data that allows comparison of learned relationships, such as similarities between texts.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer “I want to start with AI” can be close to “beginner course” without using identical words.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Vector databases ↗
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How it learns More technical
ES Época de entrenamientoCA Època d'entrenament
One complete pass through the training dataset. More epochs do not guarantee better results on new data.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Three epochs go through the examples three times; unchecked repetition can also lead to overfitting.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Fine-tuning ↗
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Quality and evaluation Going further
ES ExplicabilidadCA Explicabilitat
Ability to provide understandable information about how or why a system produces outputs. A generated explanation may be inaccurate.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You ask which factors influenced a classification and check the explanation with analysis methods, not just its narrative.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Explainable AI ↗
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Quality and evaluation More technical
ES Puntuación F1CA Puntuació F1
The harmonic mean of precision and recall. It summarises their balance but does not replace examining specific errors.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer If you detect almost everything but raise many false alarms, F1 reflects some of that imbalance.
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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Classification metrics ↗
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Data Going further
ES Característica de entradaCA Característica d'entrada
A property a model uses for prediction, measured directly or extracted from other data.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer When estimating a lesson's duration, the number of exercises could be a feature.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Supervised learning ↗
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Talking to AI Going further
ES Petición con pocos ejemplosCA Petició amb pocs exemples
A request containing a few examples of the desired format or behaviour, without retraining the model.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You add two messages and their classifications before the new message you want classified.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompting best practices ↗
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How it learns Going further
ES Ajuste finoCA Afinament
Additional training that adapts an existing model to a task or domain. Unlike a prompt, it changes parameters.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You train on reviewed examples of your organisation's style; adding a document to chat is different.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Fine-tuning ↗
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Models and networks Going further
ES Modelo fundacionalCA Model fundacional
A model trained on broad data that can be adapted to different tasks. Supported formats vary.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer One model can provide a foundation for summarising text, answering questions or classifying messages.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Large language models ↗
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The essentials Getting started
ES IA generativaCA IA generativa
AI that produces text, images, audio or other content from learned patterns and supplied inputs.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You ask for three workshop titles and get new suggestions; then you choose and review them.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Artificial intelligence ↗
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Search and context Going further
ES Fundamentación en fuentesCA Fonamentació en fonts
Connecting an answer to verifiable reference information to reduce unsupported claims.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You require each time to be backed by the published programme. A decorative citation is not enough.
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Read more and verify: Google Cloud · Generative AI glossary ↗
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Safety and privacy Going further
ES SalvaguardasCA Salvaguardes
Measures limiting behaviour and risks: permissions, validation, filters, oversight and other complementary controls.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Before sending anything, the application requires confirmation and checks the recipient and content.
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Read more and verify: IBM · AI guardrails ↗
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Agents and tools Getting started
ES Supervisión humanaCA Supervisió humana
A person's involvement in reviewing, deciding or authorising an automated process.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer AI drafts the email and you review it before sending. That last click belongs to someone.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Human-in-the-loop ↗
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The essentials More technical
ES HiperparámetroCA Hiperparàmetre
A setting that controls training or architecture and is not learned like an ordinary weight.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The learning rate controls adjustment size: changing it can improve or worsen training.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Hyperparameter tuning ↗
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The essentials Getting started
ES InferenciaCA Inferència
Using an already trained model to produce an output from an input.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Each time the model summarises your text it performs inference, without necessarily learning from that conversation.
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Read more and verify: IBM · AI inference ↗
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Search and context Going further
ES Recuperación de informaciónCA Recuperació d'informació
Finding documents or passages relevant to a query. Retrieving something does not make it correct.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The search engine finds an old entry; check its date before using it as a current answer.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Retrieval augmented generation ↗
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Image, voice and text Going further
ES Relleno generativo de una zonaCA Emplenament generatiu d'una zona
Generating or replacing content within a selected image region, usually specified by a mask.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You select a mug in a photo to replace it with a book, then check shadows and edges.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Inpainting ↗
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Safety and privacy Going further
ES Evasión de salvaguardasCA Evasió de salvaguardes
An attempt to make a model ignore its safety or behavioural boundaries.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Framing a prohibited request as a game does not remove the risk of what is being requested.
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Read more and verify: OWASP · LLM prompt injection prevention ↗
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Search and context Getting started
ES Base de conocimientoCA Base de coneixement
An organised collection of information for reference or reuse. It can support an assistant without retraining its model.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You gather Aula guides, FAQs and current programmes in one maintained, reviewed place.
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Read more and verify: Amazon Web Services · Knowledge bases for Amazon Bedrock ↗
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Models and networks More technical
ES Destilación de conocimientoCA Destil·lació de coneixement
Training a model to imitate another model's behaviour, often to obtain a smaller version.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A compact model learns from a larger model's answers; you must check which capabilities it retains.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Knowledge distillation ↗
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Search and context More technical
ES Grafo de conocimientoCA Graf de coneixement
A representation of entities and their relationships for exploring explicit connections between concepts or data.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer “Course → contains → lesson” and “lesson → explains → RAG” form queryable connections.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Knowledge graph ↗
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Data Getting started
ES EtiquetaCA Etiqueta
An answer or category assigned to an example and used as a reference in supervised learning.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer In a photo of a mug, “mug” can be the correct label.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Data labeling ↗
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Models and networks Getting started
ES Gran modelo de lenguaje (LLM)CA Model de llenguatge gran (MLG)
A large-scale model trained to process and generate language. A fluent answer does not prove it is true.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer It helps draft a course description; you check that it does not invent the syllabus.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Large language models ↗
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Usage and infrastructure Going further
ES LatenciaCA Latència
The time an operation takes to respond. For generation, distinguish the start of the response from completion.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The first words appear quickly but the complete text takes longer: these are different measurements.
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Read more and verify: IBM · AI inference ↗
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Rights and judgement Getting started
ES Licencia de usoCA Llicència d'ús
Terms granting specific permissions over a resource. They may require attribution or limit modification and commercial use.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Check the model licence, data licence and the licence of images you publish separately.
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Read more and verify: Creative Commons · CC licences ↗
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Usage and infrastructure Getting started
ES Modelo localCA Model local
A model running on your own device. It needs sufficient resources and does not alone guarantee the whole application's privacy.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Computation happens on your computer, but check whether the application sends logs or uses external services.
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Read more and verify: Ollama · Frequently asked questions ↗
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The essentials Getting started
ES Aprendizaje automáticoCA Aprenentatge automàtic
Techniques that fit a model using data so it can perform tasks on new cases.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Instead of writing every spam rule, you train on emails that have already been classified.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Machine learning ↗
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Models and networks More technical
ES Mezcla de expertos (MoE)CA Barreja d'experts (MoE)
An architecture with multiple specialised blocks and a mechanism that selects which participate in each computation.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer These are not people advising the model: they are mathematical components activated selectively.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Mixture of Experts Explained ↗
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Usage and infrastructure More technical
ES Operaciones de aprendizaje automáticoCA Operacions d'aprenentatge automàtic
Practices for developing, deploying, monitoring and updating models in a controlled, reproducible way.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You track versions, check changes and monitor failures after release; the job does not end at “uploaded”.
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Read more and verify: Google Cloud · MLOps and delivery pipelines ↗
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Rights and judgement Going further
ES Ficha del modeloCA Fitxa del model
A document describing a model, intended uses, evaluation, limitations and other relevant information.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Before choosing a model for Catalan, check which languages were evaluated and their results.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Model cards ↗
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Agents and tools Going further
ES Protocolo de contexto de modelos (MCP)CA Protocol de context de models (MCP)
A standard for connecting AI applications to tools and data sources through a common interface.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A connector can offer file search; the protocol does not itself grant permission to read every file.
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Read more and verify: Model Context Protocol · What is MCP? ↗
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The essentials Going further
ES Parámetro del modeloCA Paràmetre del model
An internal value learned during training, such as a weight. It is different from a written instruction.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Changing “reply more briefly” changes the request; it does not directly rewrite model weights.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Hyperparameter tuning ↗
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Models and networks Getting started
ES Modelo multimodalCA Model multimodal
A model that combines or processes more than one kind of information, such as text, images or audio.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You upload a whiteboard photo and ask which tasks appear. Reading photos does not imply image-generation capability.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Large language models ↗
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Image, voice and text Going further
ES Procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN)CA Processament del llenguatge natural (PLN)
The field developing methods for computers to analyse, interpret or generate human language.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Classifying enquiries, extracting names and translating are language tasks; not all need a large chatbot.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Natural language processing ↗
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Models and networks Going further
ES Red neuronalCA Xarxa neuronal
A model of connected units that transform information through mathematical operations and learned parameters.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A network distinguishes photos of mugs and plates by adjusting its connections during training.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Deep learning ↗
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Rights and judgement Going further
ES Pesos abiertosCA Pesos oberts
A model whose trained parameters are distributed for download. Usage permissions depend on its licence and may include restrictions.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You may have the weights without having the data or complete training process.
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Read more and verify: Open Source Initiative · The Open Source AI Definition 1.0 ↗
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Rights and judgement Going further
ES IA de código abiertoCA IA de codi obert
AI distributed with freedoms to use, study, modify and redistribute it, plus the necessary components, under the applicable definition.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Being able to download a model is not enough to call it open source: check components and licensing.
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Read more and verify: Open Source Initiative · The Open Source AI Definition 1.0 ↗
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Image, voice and text Getting started
ES Reconocimiento óptico de caracteres (OCR)CA Reconeixement òptic de caràcters (OCR)
Converting text in images into machine-readable text. Recognition can contain errors and needs checking.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You photograph a poster and extract its words; check dates, numbers and names especially carefully.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Optical character recognition ↗
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Agents and tools More technical
ES OrquestaciónCA Orquestració
Coordinating order, data exchange and failure handling among an AI system's components.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer If search fails, the system decides to retry or ask for help instead of inventing results.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Building effective agents ↗
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Image, voice and text Going further
ES Ampliación generativaCA Ampliació generativa
Generating content beyond an image's original boundaries to extend its framing.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You turn a square photo into a wide header by inventing its sides; those sides do not document the original scene.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Outpainting ↗
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How it learns Going further
ES SobreajusteCA Sobreajustament
The model fits training examples too closely and performs worse when it encounters new cases.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer It memorises the exercises, but change the numbers and it stares at the ceiling.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Overfitting ↗
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Safety and privacy Getting started
ES Datos personalesCA Dades personals
Information that identifies or can identify a person, alone or combined with other data.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A name, address or combination of details may identify someone even without an identity number.
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Read more and verify: AEPD · ¿Qué son los datos personales? ↗
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Agents and tools Going further
ES PlanificaciónCA Planificació
Breaking a goal into steps that can be executed and reviewed. Having a plan does not prove completion.
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An example makes it clearer “Review, fix and test the website” is the plan; seeing it work is another matter.
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Read more and verify: Google Cloud · What are AI agents? ↗
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Quality and evaluation Going further
ES PrecisiónCA Precisió
Among cases predicted positive, the proportion that truly is positive. It differs from overall accuracy.
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An example makes it clearer It flags ten messages as spam and eight really are: spam precision is 80%.
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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Classification metrics ↗
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Talking to AI Getting started
ES Prompt o instrucciónCA Indicació o petició
The input used to request a task from a model. It can include instructions, context, examples and other formats.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer “Summarise this announcement in three sentences for beginners and keep the date” is a specific request.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt engineering overview ↗
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Usage and infrastructure More technical
ES Caché de contextoCA Memòria cau de context
Reusing processing for repeated parts of an input to reduce work, depending on the service's conditions.
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An example makes it clearer Several queries share the same lengthy instructions; caching can avoid recomputing them without becoming personal memory.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt caching ↗
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Talking to AI Getting started
ES Ingeniería de promptsCA Enginyeria d'indicacions
Designing and revising requests through testing to obtain more useful, verifiable results.
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An example makes it clearer You replace “make it nice” with audience, format and criteria. Less telepathy, more context.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt engineering overview ↗
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Safety and privacy Going further
ES Inyección de instruccionesCA Injecció d'instruccions
An attack inserting malicious instructions into inputs or retrieved content to redirect an AI system's behaviour.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A retrieved document tries to give the assistant orders. The document is information, not the boss.
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Read more and verify: OWASP · Prompt injection ↗
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Safety and privacy Going further
ES SeudonimizaciónCA Pseudonimització
Replacing identifiers to separate data from identity while retaining additional information that allows them to be linked again.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You replace “Anna” with “Student 047” and keep the mapping separately. The data remains personal.
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Read more and verify: Comité Europeo de Protección de Datos · Anonimización y seudonimización ↗
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Models and networks More technical
ES CuantizaciónCA Quantització
Representing model values with lower numerical precision to reduce resource needs, potentially changing quality.
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An example makes it clearer A low-bit version may fit on your computer; test its results before assuming equivalence.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Quantization ↗
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Usage and infrastructure Going further
ES Límite de solicitudesCA Límit de sol·licituds
A restriction on requests or processed data over a period. It differs from the available balance or budget.
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An example makes it clearer Even with available credit, too many requests in succession can require waiting and retrying in a controlled way.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Rate limits ↗
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Quality and evaluation Going further
ES Exhaustividad o sensibilidadCA Exhaustivitat o sensibilitat
The proportion of actual positives the system successfully detects for the category being evaluated.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer There are twenty spam messages and it detects fifteen: recall is 75%.
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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Classification metrics ↗
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Safety and privacy More technical
ES Pruebas adversariasCA Proves adversàries
Deliberate evaluation seeking failures, misuse or dangerous behaviour within an authorised scope.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A team tests difficult situations in a copy of the assistant before opening it to the public.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Challenges in red teaming AI systems ↗
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How it learns More technical
ES Aprendizaje por refuerzoCA Aprenentatge per reforç
Learning decisions by interacting with an environment and receiving reward signals for outcomes.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer An agent practises in a game and earns points for reaching the goal, not for claiming it did.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Reinforcement learning ↗
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Search and context More technical
ES Reordenación de resultadosCA Reordenació de resultats
A second ordering of retrieved results to prioritise those that best answer the query.
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An example makes it clearer Among twenty candidate lessons, another model puts the three most useful for your question first.
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Read more and verify: Cohere · Rerank overview ↗
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Search and context Going further
ES Generación aumentada por recuperación (RAG)CA Generació augmentada per recuperació (RAG)
A technique that retrieves external information and supplies it to a model to prepare a contextualised answer.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The assistant first searches the current Aula programme and then answers; the reply still needs checking.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Retrieval augmented generation ↗
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Quality and evaluation Going further
ES RobustezCA Robustesa
Ability to maintain adequate performance under variation, noise or difficult conditions within the evaluated scope.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A transcriber should also be tested with noise, different accents and less-than-perfect microphones.
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Read more and verify: NIST · AI Risk Management Framework ↗
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How it learns More technical
ES Aprendizaje autosupervisadoCA Aprenentatge autosupervisat
Learning that derives training signals from the data itself, without manually labelling every answer.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You hide part of a text and train the model to predict it from the remainder.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Self-supervised learning ↗
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Search and context Going further
ES Búsqueda semánticaCA Cerca semàntica
Search that considers relationships in meaning rather than only exact matches to written words.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Searching “make a photo wider” may return an explanation of outpainting.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Vector databases ↗
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Usage and infrastructure Going further
ES Respuesta en flujoCA Resposta en flux
Progressively delivering a response as it is generated rather than waiting for the entire output.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You see text appear gradually. An interrupted connection can leave an answer incomplete.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Streaming messages ↗
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How it learns Going further
ES Aprendizaje supervisadoCA Aprenentatge supervisat
Training on examples that include the reference answer the model should learn to predict.
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An example makes it clearer Each practice message is labelled “enquiry” or “issue”.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Supervised learning ↗
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Data Going further
ES Datos sintéticosCA Dades sintètiques
Artificially created data that simulates examples. It is not automatically accurate, representative or anonymous.
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An example makes it clearer You invent orders for a fictional shop to test a screen without using real customers.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Synthetic data ↗
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Talking to AI Going further
ES Instrucción de sistemaCA Instrucció de sistema
An application-level instruction setting the assistant's general behaviour. It does not replace permission controls.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer The Aula assistant receives tone guidance; data access is also restricted by the system.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompt engineering overview ↗
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Talking to AI Going further
ES TemperaturaCA Temperatura
A setting modifying the distribution used to choose outputs. Higher temperature usually increases variation, not truthfulness.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer To compare styles, change this setting if available; no setting eliminates errors.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Generation configuration ↗
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Data Going further
ES Datos de pruebaCA Dades de prova
Examples separated from development to estimate final performance. Repeatedly consulting them can compromise that estimate.
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An example makes it clearer It is the held-back exam, not the answer sheet used to prepare every adjustment.
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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Cross-validation and held-out data ↗
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Image, voice and text Getting started
ES Generación de texto a imagenCA Generació de text a imatge
Creating images guided by a written description, with results that need checking against the request.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You request a bright library for a cover; check whether the lettering on its sign is actually readable.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Text-to-image ↗
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Image, voice and text Getting started
ES Síntesis de vozCA Síntesi de veu
Generating artificial speech from text. The resulting voice depends on the system and its settings.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You turn an explanation into audio for listening. Imitating a real voice raises separate authorisation questions.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Text-to-speech ↗
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Usage and infrastructure More technical
ES Capacidad de procesamientoCA Capacitat de processament
The amount of work processed per unit of time, such as requests or tokens per second.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A service can handle many requests per minute even if each takes several seconds.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Inference optimisation ↗
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Talking to AI Getting started
ES TokenCA Token
A unit processed by a model. In text it can be a word, part of a word or punctuation.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Do not estimate cost from word count alone: languages and tokenizers can split the same text differently.
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Read more and verify: Google Cloud · Generative AI glossary ↗
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Talking to AI Going further
ES TokenizaciónCA Tokenització
The process of splitting and converting an input into units the model can process.
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An example makes it clearer A long word may be split into several pieces; the split depends on the tokenizer used.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Tokenizers ↗
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Agents and tools Going further
ES Llamada a herramientasCA Crida a eines
A mechanism for a model to request an external function; the application controls execution and returns results.
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An example makes it clearer The model requests a calendar lookup; the application checks permissions and performs the authorised query.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Tool use with Claude ↗
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Talking to AI More technical
ES Muestreo top-pCA Mostreig top-p
Sampling from the smallest token set whose combined probability reaches a chosen threshold.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer A lower threshold usually allows fewer alternatives; it is not a “percentage of correct answers”.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Generation configuration ↗
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The essentials Getting started
ES EntrenamientoCA Entrenament
Process that adjusts a model's parameters using data and a learning objective.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer Showing many labelled examples helps fit the detector; using it afterwards is a different stage.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Machine learning ↗
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How it learns More technical
ES Lote de entrenamientoCA Lot d'entrenament
A group of examples processed together in a training step, depending on the configuration.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer With batches of 16, training processes small groups rather than the whole dataset at once.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Hyperparameter tuning ↗
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Data Getting started
ES Datos de entrenamientoCA Dades d'entrenament
Examples used to fit the model. Their variety, quality and origin influence what it learns.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer If you train a reader only on print, handwriting may come as quite a surprise.
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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Cross-validation and held-out data ↗
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How it learns Going further
ES Aprendizaje por transferenciaCA Aprenentatge per transferència
Reusing what was learned on one task to help with another, rather than starting entirely from scratch.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You start with a model that recognises shapes and adapt it to distinguish types of plants.
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Read more and verify: Hugging Face · Fine-tuning ↗
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Models and networks More technical
ES TransformerCA Transformer
A neural network architecture based on attention mechanisms for relating elements in a sequence.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer When processing a sentence, it can relate distant words rather than only examining the previous one.
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Read more and verify: Vaswani et al. · Attention Is All You Need ↗
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How it learns Going further
ES SubajusteCA Subajustament
The model fails to learn relevant patterns sufficiently and performs poorly even on training examples.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer An overly simple model tries to explain a complicated curve with one straight line.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Overfitting ↗
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How it learns Going further
ES Aprendizaje no supervisadoCA Aprenentatge no supervisat
Finding structure or groups in data without labelled target answers for each example.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You group similar comments to discover topics; nobody has assigned each comment to a group beforehand.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Unsupervised learning ↗
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Data Going further
ES Datos de validaciónCA Dades de validació
Examples held aside to compare settings during development, without directly using them to fit weights.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You compare two detector versions on validation data and save the final test for the end.
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Read more and verify: scikit-learn · Cross-validation and held-out data ↗
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Search and context More technical
ES Base de datos vectorialCA Base de dades vectorial
A system that stores and indexes vectors to efficiently find similar items.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer You store lesson representations to retrieve those closest to a person's question.
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Read more and verify: IBM · Vector databases ↗
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Rights and judgement Getting started
ES Marca de aguaCA Marca d'aigua
A visible or imperceptible signal embedded in content to provide identification or origin information.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer An image can contain an invisible mark; not seeing one does not prove it is a real photograph.
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Read more and verify: Google DeepMind · SynthID ↗
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Talking to AI Going further
ES Petición sin ejemplosCA Petició sense exemples
A request that describes the task without including worked examples in that request.
Example, connections and source+
An example makes it clearer “Classify this message as an enquiry or issue” requests the task without showing sample answers.
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Read more and verify: Anthropic · Prompting best practices ↗
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